Application:

Titanium dioxide R-996 is mainly used in powder coatings, water-based and solvent-based external coatings, high-grade color masterbatches, plastics, rubber, inks, high-grade paper and wax paper and leather upholstery fabrics, cosmetics, suitable for high-grade interior coatings, high-solid paints, Road marking paints, marine paints and inks, and also used in the plastics, rubber, paper and leather industries.

Health effects

This regulation entered into force on 7 February 2022. However, the Regulation included a six-month transitional period to allow food businesses time to phase out the use of this food additive and to reformulate their products using suitable alternatives. This period will end on 7 August 2022.

Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder, brilliant white pigment used in paints, inks, leather, paper, linoleum, and face powder. It was developed in the 1870s as a substitute or supplement for lead carbonate (white lead), to overcome its drawbacks of toxicity, poor weathering, and darkening in atmospheres that contain sulfur compounds. Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder is an insoluble mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide that precipitates upon mixing solutions of barium sulfide and zinc sulfate. The precipitate is recovered by filtration, then calcined (roasted) at temperatures above 600° C (1,112° F). Although Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder has been replaced in many applications by titanium dioxide, it is still widely used in a number of products, such as water paints.

But if thats not quite enough..............

When choosing lithopone, you must choose a good brand and pay attention to its production date. Some people just don’t pay attention to this aspect and often pursue cheap prices. As a result, they buy products that are close to their expiration date and have not been stored for long. It is no longer usable. This is very important.

Faber argued there hasn't been enough change in these federal regulations in the decades following the FDA's approval of titanium dioxide – especially as others increasingly point to potential health consequences.

Developing new Lithopone formulations, one that enhances the properties of the existing Lithopone is anticipated to boost the demand for Lithopone white pigment during the forecast period. Reinforced Lithopone is one such development, wherein a copolymer is added to the polymerization reaction to yield Lithopone with an increased weather resistance and an anti-ultraviolet property. Moreover, development of nano-scale Lithopone is also anticipated to attract market interest during the forecast period.

The Process of Gravimetric Determination of TiO2

Research has shown that, when ingested as a food additive, titanium dioxide and its nanoparticles can impact, alter, and/or damage important protective bacteria in the gut, along with the metabolic pathways of gut bacteria.

Until relevant toxicological and human exposure data that would enable reliable risk assessment are obtained, TiO₂ nanoparticles should be used with great care.

In recent years, environmental concerns have shaped the way lithopone is produced and used. Suppliers are now more attentive to the sustainability aspect of their operations, ensuring that lithopone is sourced from eco-friendly processes. Many suppliers have adopted responsible mining practices and have invested in technologies that reduce waste and emissions during production. This shift not only appeals to environmentally-conscious consumers but also helps manufacturers comply with stringent regulations regarding product safety and environmental impact.

French researchers studied how and where E171 nanoparticles enter the bloodstream, first studying the route through pigs and then in vitro with human buccal cells, for a 2023 study published in the journal Nanotoxicology. The research showed that the nanoparticles absorbed quickly through the mouth and then into the bloodstream, before damaging DNA and hindering cell regeneration.